Eye Diseases and Conditions

Dry Eye

Dry Eye printable pdf version (93k)

Dry eye is the term used to describe eyes that do not produce enough tears or tears with an imbalance of the proper composition of the various tear layers. Dry eye is most often a result of eyes’ natural aging process. Most peoples’ eyes tend to become drier as they age, but the degree of dryness varies and some people have more problems than others. In addition to age, dry eye can result from:
• Problems with normal blinking
• Certain medications like antihistamines, oral contraceptives and antidepressants
• Environmental factors like a dry climate and exposure to wind
• General health problems like arthritis or Sjogren’s syndrome
• Chemical or thermal burns to the eye

Dry eye symptoms are often different in different people, but the following are commonly experienced by those whose tear production is inadequate:
• Irritated, scratchy, dry or uncomfortable eyes
• Redness of the eyes
• A burning sensation of the eyes
• A feeling of a foreign body in the eye
• Blurred vision
• Excessive watering as the eyes try to comfort an overly dry eye
• Eyes that seem to have lost the normal clear glassy luster

If untreated, dry eye can be more than just irritating or uncomfortable. Excessive dry eye can damage eye tissue and possibly scar the cornea, impairing vision. Contact lens wear may be more difficult due to the possibility of increased irritation and a greater chance of eye infection.

If you are experiencing the symptoms of dry eye, your family eye doctor can perform dry eye tests using diagnostic instruments to give a highly magnified view and special dyes to evaluate the quality, amount and distribution of tears. Your family eye doctor will also need to know about your every day activities, your general health, medications you are taking and about environmental factors that may be causing your symptoms.

Unfortunately, dry eye cannot be cured, but your eye’s sensitivity can be lessened and treatment prescribed so that your eyes remain healthy. Possible treatments include:
• Changing environmental factors like avoiding wind and dust and increasing the level of humidity
• Using artificial tear or gel solutions
• Using moisturizing ointment, especially at bedtime
• Insertion of small plugs in the corner of the eyes to slow drainage and loss of tears
• In rare cases, surgery may be recommended

Whatever treatment is prescribed for you, it is very important that you follow your family eye doctors’ instructions carefully. Dry eye does not go away, but by working together, you and your doctor can keep your eyes healthy and protect your vision.